Depression

Depression, which affects a large part of the society directly or through family and relatives, is a mood disorder in people who have negative feelings such as a state of unwillingness that lasts for weeks or months, inability to enjoy life, decrease in confidence and hopelessness.

What is Depression?

   Although the symptoms of depression vary in everyone, the most common symptoms are sad, anxious or “empty” mood, hopelessness, and pessimism that continue almost daily for weeks or months. Depression also brings along feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and despair. Depressed people state that they cannot enjoy the activities they normally do, and that they cannot find strength in themselves, even for daily and compulsory relief, such as dressing and eating. Sometimes, family and relatives also notice this change in the person but do not know how to help.

   In some types of depression, such as depression, no treatment can cause serious problems. Untreated depression can lead to life-threatening situations such as alcohol and drug addiction. By weakening people’s relationships with their environment, it can cause problems at work, as well as cause greater damage over time.

Types of Depression

A)Clinical Depression

   Clinical depression is the most common type of depression. Stubborn sadness, hopelessness, and intense negative emotions such as feeling worthless are watched and it is not possible to recover spontaneously. In order for a person to be diagnosed with clinical depression, five or more of the following conditions are sought within a two-week period;

• Feeling depressed most of the day
• Reduced interest in daily activities
• Significant weight gain or decrease
• Severe insomnia or being unable to wake up
• Slowing down in thought and movement
• Feeling exhausted / tired most of the day
• Difficulty focusing and making decisions
• Recurring thoughts of death or suicide  

B)Atypical Depression

   Atypical depressive disorder, which is evaluated in the major depressive disorders category, manifests itself with certain behavioral patterns in individuals. The mood of people with atypical depression changes drastically according to external stimuli. There may be extreme joy in the face of good news, and extreme sadness in bad news. Atypical depression usually first begins in the teen years and continues through adulthood. People with atypical depression usually have the following symptoms;

• Significant increase in weight
• Significant increase in appetite
• Intense sleepiness
• A feeling of weakness in the arms and legs
• Sensitivity to rejection

C)Postpartum Depression

   Postpartum depression, which is considered among the major types of depression, is a type of depression encountered during pregnancy or in the four weeks following birth. Although it is not known exactly why the postpartum depression seen in 10-15 percent of women who gave birth is caused, in women who experience postpartum depression, generally severe sadness, constant crying, intense anxiety and hopelessness are common symptoms.

D)Seasonal Affective Disorder

   Seasonal affective disorder differs from other types of depression in that it is seen in certain seasonal periods. Seasonal mood disorder, especially seen in winter periods when daylight is reduced, affects 1% to 2% of the population and is generally seen in women and young people. People with seasonal mood disorders display a completely different image in the winter months than they were in the summer months; Seasonal affective disorder, which usually continues with a hopeless, sad, stressful and uninteresting image, begins in the autumn-winter period and continues until the first spring summer months when the days are extended.

E)Major Depression with Melancholic Characteristics

   In major depression with melancholic features, people begin not to enjoy almost any activity they previously enjoyed and are expected to exhibit. There should be at least three of the following symptoms in order to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder;

• Inability to enjoy most / all activities enjoyed
• Unresponsiveness to good events
• Differentiation in psychomotor behavior
• Severe guilt
• Insomnia
• Increased morning depression

Symptoms of Depression

   Although we immediately say “I am depressed” in our daily life when we feel depressed or when we encounter a situation that bothers us, depression is an extremely complex mood disorder that consists of a combination of psychological, biological and social factors, whose symptoms may differ from person to person. Depression symptoms may vary among individuals, and the most common characteristic features can be listed as follows;

• Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and helplessness
• Inability to control emotions
• Decreased interest in daily activities
• Significant increase / decrease in appetite
• Significant increase / decrease in weight
• Significant changes in sleep patterns
• Pronounced anger and restlessness
• Significant loss of energy
• Self-loathing, severe guilt
• Increased careless behavior
• Trouble focusing
• Physical pain with unknown cause

How Is Depression Treated?

   Yes, especially recent studies show that depression is a highly treatable condition. Today, the most preferred methods in the treatment of moderate and severe depression are antidepressants and psychotherapy applications. It is seen that the success rate is higher in depression treatments, which are mostly applied together with two methods. Recent research in this area shows that speech therapies are the most effective treatment method, especially in milder forms of depression. Especially cognitive-behavioral therapy practices are among the most effective treatment methods in terms of helping people with depression to change their thinking styles that lead them to depression and to create positive cognitive patterns.

How Long Does It Take To Treat Depression?

   Depression is a very difficult process that can be treated at a high rate, but the treatment differs from person to person. One of the most important points in achieving success in the treatment of depression is that the person with depression is informed about all treatment options and can decide the most suitable option for him.

   The most commonly used methods in the treatment of depression can be listed as psychotherapy, life habits changes, and the use of antidepressants in severe depression. The type of treatment to be applied is determined by the person and the severity of depression symptoms.

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