MYOPİA

Myopia, one of the most common eye disorders, is defined as the problem of near vision. People with myopia have blurred vision of distant objects. The main factor that causes this situation is that the image is not fully focused on the retina. In this case, distant objects cannot be seen clearly.

   People with myopia can clearly see nearby objects. Myopia often shows symptoms at school age. Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long and / or the cornea is too curved. This results in blurry vision when trying to focus on a distant object due to the fact that the rays coming into the eye focus on a point in front of the retina rather than reaching the surface of the retina.

   When myopia is left untreated, it can lead to a range of complications, such as reduced learning ability. For example, people with myopia are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop glaucoma. Cataracts tend to develop earlier in myopic eyes. Along with these, myopia also increases the risk of retinal detachment.

What İs Myopia?

   Myopia, where objects at close range can be seen clearly; however, it is a common eye condition in which distant objects often appear blurry. Myopia is caused by a refractive error that prevents the light entering the eye from focusing properly, thus causing distant objects to blur. This refractive error occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea (outermost layer) is too curved. These physical abnormalities cause images to be focused in front of the retina rather than directly on its surface.

   While most cases of myopia are mild and easily correctable, there are also degrees of progressive myopia that put vision loss at risk. High myopia; It is an eye condition that can increase the risk of vision-threatening problems such as retinal detachment, cataracts and glaucoma. 

   Degenerative myopia (also called malignant or pathological myopia) is a very rare disorder of the condition that occurs in early childhood. Degenerative myopia significantly increases the risk of retinal detachment and can cause abnormal blood vessel growth and bleeding behind the eye.

What Causes Myopia?

   The question “What causes myopia?” Can be answered in two items in summary.

• Genetic factors

Family history has an important effect on the risk of myopia in children. That is, if the parents are nearsighted, the possibility of myopia in children increases.

• Lifestyle reasons

Research shows that modern lifestyles can affect the development of myopia. Spending hours (reading, playing, or working) with digital devices that don’t take advantage of daylight as much as possible, such as smartphones or tablets, can also affect the development of myopia. Along with these, poor lighting levels can also affect the development of myopia.

What Are The Symptoms Of Myopia?

   Myopia symptoms can be listed as follows:

Difficulty seeing distant objects (blurred vision), such as when watching television or a movie, trying to read a bulletin board, traffic sign, or a teacher’s notes on the board

The behavior of squinting or partially closing the eyelids in order to see distant objects clearly

Increasing vision difficulties, especially during night driving

Keeping eyes very close to the book while reading a book

Headache caused by rubbing the eyes, eye strain and eye strain

In some cases, there are no symptoms, so it is very important to have regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist. Parents should take their children for eye examinations from an early age. It is recommended that children have their first eye test until the age of 3 or 4 at the latest. Myopia tends to progress as age progresses into the twenties. For this reason, it should not be neglected to take small children for an eye examination.

Can Myopia Be Prevented?

   There is no way to prevent myopia completely; However, according to recent research, there are some ways to slow the progression of myopia. Some ways that can slow the progression of myopia include:

   Taking advantage of daylight can slow the progression of myopia.

   Diluted atropine drops can be used: It is aimed to slow down the progression of myopia in children by loosening the eye muscles by dropping the drug named atropine in a very low dose (0.01 percent) into the eye. Studies have shown that myopia progresses less in patients using Atropine drops after 2 years. Higher concentrations of atropine also slow progress; however, it also has many side effects that can cause pupil dilation, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision.

   The 0.01 percent atropine solution does not cause minimal pupil dilation, photosensitivity and virtually loss of vision compared to higher doses. In published studies, the treatment period is 2-3 years; however, as the eyes still develop in adolescence, it may take longer. Many ophthalmologists are also wary of using atropine, as its long-term effects are not known. As a matter of fact, atropine should be used under the supervision of a doctor.

   Orthokeratology (OrthoK): Wearing inverted geometry contact lenses at night temporarily flattens the cornea and provides clear vision throughout the day without glasses or contact lenses. A reduction in myopia (up to −6 D) can be achieved; However, it is not clear whether this effect persists after OrthoK is stopped.   

   On the other hand, sleeping in contact lenses increases the risk of bacterial corneal infections, which can be very serious and cause scarring and permanent visual impairment.

Author: Mr. Article

All rights of this article belong to www.pophaber.com

Bu makale İngilizce Dil Eğitimine Katkıda Bulunmak Adına Yayınlanmıştır!

Bu Makalenin Türkçe Çevirisini Okumak İçin TIKLAYIN!